Detailed Comparative Pharmacognostical and Physicochemical Evaluation of Chirabilvadiyoga w.s.r. to Bhavana (Trituration)

Chirabilvadi Yoga is a combination of four drugs Chirabilva, Arjuna, Jyotishmati and Kakanasa in powder form, each of these ingredients has solid base of previous experimental studies for their individual analgesic activity. Bhavana (trituration) is an important Samskara (process) mentioned in Ayurvedic classics by which drug may be made very potent to produce a positive results. Till date no data available on this combination Bhavita Chirabilvadi Yoga triturated seven times with Chirabilva Patra Swarasa and made dried powder. Present study is to screen the differences in pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical profile of the Chirabilvadi Yoga before and after Bhavana. After Bhavana significant changes were found in the pharmacognostical parameters like deformated rosette crystals and cluster crystal of Arjuna and broken stone cells of Arjuna, which are rarely found before Bhavana of the drug and also evaluate the differences in the pharmaceutical profile before and after Bhavana like loss on drying, ash value, acid insoluble ash, water soluble extract, methanol soluble extract, pH and HPTLC.

Pharmacognostical and Physico-Chemical Evaluation of Rasna Guggulu

Majority of patients visiting Ayurvedic hospitals are having ailments related to joints especially low back pain and knee joint pain. Low back ache may be due to many reasons ranges from muscular pain to complicated neurological complaints or malignancy. Disc herniation is also a major reason for low back ache in which radiculopathy might be a typical feature. In all systems of medicine many treatments exist to manage low back ache and sciatica. In Ayurveda also different treatment modalities are present ranging from simple internal medications to complex therapies like Basti (therapeutic enema), to effectively tackle such conditions. The Ayurvedic formulation, Rasna guggulu is mentioned in the treatment of Gridrasi (sciatica). To standardize any formulation its properties should be studied repeatedly in detail. Even though this formulation is comparatively a simpler one consisting of only 3 ingredients, its properties and identifying features are not widely studied. In this study pharmacognostical, organoleptic and physico-chemical characteristics of Rasna guggulu were reported. Pharmacognostical study of this drug reveals the presence of epidermal cells, starch grain, lignified stone cells, prismatic crystals, simple fiber, simple trichome, warty trichome, annular vessels and spiral vessels of Rasna along with oil globules of clarified butter. HPTLC shows 8 and 7 spots at 254nm and 366nm respectively which suggests the presence of 7 – 8 active principles in this drug. This study also can be considered to standardize the formulation, Rasna guggulu.

Pharmacognostical and Pharmacochemical Parameters of Tablet Sutashekhara Rasa – Without Gold .

Tablet Sutashekhara Rasa (TSR) is an Ayurvedic, herbo-metal formulation prescribed widely for several conditions such as Acid peptic disorders, Pain in abdomen, Haemorrhage, Mental disorders etc. On analysis of pharmcodynamics of this compound it is basically Pitta corrective drug. Ardhavabhedaka (Migraine) is also one of the clinical morbidity which is manifested by vitiated Pitta/Rakta along with Vata. The available treatment in modern medicine is use of NSAIDs, Beta-blockers etc. with only temporary relief. TSR being a Pitta corrective is used in a clinical study with new indication in Ardhavabhedaka (Migraine). Till date there is no data available regarding evaluation ofTSR. Present study an attempt to develop newer approaches for the quality control and standardization of TSR. The samples were subjected to organoleptic, physicochemical analysis and Chromatographic (HPTLC) examination by optimizing the solvent systems. The phrmacognostical study of ingredients of TSR shows the presence of Sceleriform vessel, Lignified stone cells, Bottle necked shapedstone cells etc. Pharmaceutical analysis showed that the Average weight of tablet 276mg, Average hardness of tablet 2.05 Kg/cm2 , Loss on drying 4.7904% w/w, pH value 7 and High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography at 254nm and 366nm resulted into 6 spots

Variants of Tribulus species – a scientific study through DNA RAPD – molecular characterization.

Gokshura a well-known drug in Ayurveda which is extensively used in many disease conditions like dysuria, asthma, diabetes, cough, oedema, cardiac disorders etc. Tribulus terrestris (Family – Zygophyllaceae) is an official source of Gokshura as per API. Five species of genus Tribulus are found throughout India with a slight morphological difference. In this study, three different species of Tribulus genus from different regions were subjected for molecular characterization by RAPD method. Analysis showed that three different samples gave clearly similar banding pattern with each of the random primers used and 80% similarity between the three samples were observed when the results were subjected to band scoring and analysis with clustering. Even through the micromorpholgical observations showed differentiating characters in mature carpels and intrastaminal glands of the selected species.

Pharmacognostical and phytochemical standardization of Baladi churna- A polyherbal formulation.

Baladi Churna described by Acharya Bhavprkash in Vandhyatva (infertility). Endometrium dysfunction is the prime cause of Infertility among the world Baladi Churna is useful in patients especially having implantation failure due to defective endometrium, which is known as Kshetra deformity in Ayurveda. So a new pharmaceutical preparation Baladi churna was tried to standardize which is economical in terms of time and machinery usage. The present work was carried out to standardize the finished product of to confirm Baladi Churna entity, quality and purity. The presence of trichomes, spiral vessels, pollen grains were the characteristic features observed in the microscopy of the prepared drug. Phyto-chemical analysis showed Loss on drying 8.24% w/w, ash value 9 %w/w, water soluble extract 46.3 % w/w & pH 6.5. HPTLC of Baladi Churna is the preliminary quantitative analysis which shows 11 prominent spots in UV 254 nm and 10 prominent spots 366 nm. Baladi Churna, a polyherbal formulation of 6 ingredients was prepared and HPTLC finger print profile was developed and it can be considered pharmacopial standard of Baladi Churna.

Micro evolution of bitter taste domain drugs.

Ayurveda classified the drugs in various ways and one of which the classification is based on Rasa (taste) dominancy. Rasa is essential to identify drugs and to know its therapeutic application. In this study the drug has been selected according to Charaka classification of Tikta Rasa (bitter taste) drugs with an aim to find out the similar characters among all the drugs having bitter Rasa dominancy. Till date there is no data available regarding the pharmacognostical evaluation in concern bitter taste. For the first time selected five bitter drugs are subjected to various pharmacognostical evaluation, result reveals that Organoleptic characters of all five drugs give bitter taste, microscopic evaluation revealed that presence of starch grain, vessels, fiber , brown content are dominant in all five raw drug and all the five powder subjected to alkaloid test by using dragondroff reagent and give positive result for alkaloids.

Comparitive Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Evaluation of Brihat and Laghu Gokshur.

Laghu Gokshur (Tribulus terrestris) and Brihat Gokshur (Pedalium murex) are well known drugs used in Ayurveda as diuretics. These are classified under mishrak varga as ‘Dashmoola’ in Ayurveda and in chemotaxonomy as Saponin glycosides. The objective of the work is to find out the diagnostic tool to identify the two varieties of Gokshur. The powder was studied for macroscopic, microscopic and physicochemical parameters. For HPTLC Stationary phase was Pre-coated silica gel GF 254 and mobile phase was Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Formic acid (7:2:1 v/v/v). The plate was scanned and quantified at 254 nm for Diosgenin.Results shows that microscopic characters like trichomes, stomata and crystals show some difference in the two varieties while physicochemical parameters show difference in extractive values. Phytochemical screening also shows similar findings. HPTLC analysis carried out using Diosgenin as reference standard revealed the presence of steroidal Saponin “Diosgenin”. Quantitative estimation for Saponins found marked variation in the two varieties, where Laghu gokshur had 16% of Saponins while Brihat gokshur had 13% Saponins. The study can be used as a diagnostic tool for identification of these two varieties of Gokshur.

Pharmacognostical and physicochemical analysis of Tamarindus indica Linn stem.

Tamarindus indica Linn. fruits (Chincha) are extensively used in culinary preparations in Indian civilization. Its vast medicinal uses are documented in Ayurvedic classics and it can be used singly or as a component of various formulations. Besides fruit, the Kasta (wood) of T. indica L. is also important and used to prepare Kshara (alkaline extract) an Ayurvedic dosage form. Pharmacognostical and physicochemical details of Chincha Kasta are not available in authentic literature including API (Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India). The study is an attempt in this direction. T. indica L. stem with heartwood was selected and morphological, microscopic and physicochemical standardization characters along with TLC fi nger print, and fl uorescence analysis were documented. Transverse section of stem showed important characters such as phelloderm, stone cells layer, fi ber groups, calcium oxalate, crystal fi bers, and tylosis in heartwood region. Four characteristic spots were observed under UV long wave, in thin layer chromatography with the solvent combination of toluene: ethyl acetate (8:2). The study can help correct identifi cation and standardization of this plant material.